Chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) result in costs as well as suffering. Treatments that can alleviate chronic WAD are therefore needed. Exercise therapy (ET) has been shown to provide pain relief. Another frequently used treatment for chronic pain in Scandinavia is basic body awareness therapy (BAT). We compared the effectiveness of 10 weeks of twice-weekly, 90-min sessions of either ET or BAT in a randomized comparative trial. 113 patients suffering from chronic WAD grades I-III and several years’ duration of symptoms were recruited in a primary health care setting. 57 were allocated to ET and 56 to BAT. Primary outcome measures were Neck Disability Index and SF-36 v.2. From baseline to post-treatment, the BAT group increased their physical functioning (median 5, IQR = 15) more than the ET group (median = 0, IQR = 15), p = 0.032, effect size -0.54. Three months after the end of treatment, the BAT group had less bodily pain (m = 17.5, 95% CI 6.9-17.6) than the ET group (m = 4.9, 95% CI -0.1 to 9.8), p = 0.044, effect size -0.4. The BAT group had also increased their social functioning (m = 13.3, 95% CI 6.6-19.9) more than the ET group (m = 3.5, 95% CI -3 to 9.9), p = 0.037, effect size -0.41. No statistically significant differences between groups were observed for the change of other outcomes. No serious adverse effects were seen in either group.
This trial suggests that BAT led to greater improvements than ET for the patients with chronic WAD. Implications for Rehabilation Chronic whiplash-associated disorders are disabling and result in great costs to society often through inability to work. Exercise therapy (ET) may relieve symptoms of chronic WAD. Basic body awareness therapy (BAT) is frequently a component of multimodal pain rehabilitation programs. In this randomized comparative trial, BAT increased physical functioning and resulted in greater pain reduction and social functioning 3 months after the end of treatment.