The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials was to evaluate whether virtual reality interventions, including interactive gaming systems, are effective at improving balance in adults with impaired balance. Studies were identified from electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, PyschINFO, PyschBITE, OTseeker, Ei Compendex, and Inspec) searched to November 2011, and repeated in November 2012. Two reviewers selected studies meeting inclusion criteria and quality of included studies assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. Data was pooled and a meta-analysis completed. The systematic review was reported following guidance of the PRISMA statement. In all, 251 articles were screened. Eight randomized control trials were included. These studies presented the results of 239 participants, with various aetiologies, and used a variety of virtual reality systems. The number of falls was documented in only one of the studies. Meta-analysis was completed on data from the Berg Balance Scale, walking speed, 30 second sit-to-stand test, and Timed Up and Go Test, and favoured standard therapy when compared with standard plus virtual reality interventions.
There was a marked lack of consistency in the outcome measures, experimental, and control interventions used within the included studies. The pooled results of the studies showed no significant difference. Due this, the review was unable to support or refute the use of virtual reality interventions, rather than conventional physiotherapy, to improve balance in adults with impaired balance.